Stone pine forests

Forests and old naturalised plantations of [Pinus pinea]. Ancient introductions in many areas often makes the distinction between spontaneous forests and long-established formations of artificial origin difficult. These are thus included, while recent, obviously artificial groves are not. It occurs on sandstone substrates. Common shrubs in the understory are [Halimium umbellatum], [Calicotome villosa], [Cistus salvifolius], [Cistus creticus], [Erica manipuliflora], [Rhamnus punctata], [Juniperus oxycedrus]